Personal Factors Research Articles

Theories, models and frameworks to understand barriers to the provision of mobility-assistive technologies: a scoping review

ObjectivesThere is strong evidence that mobility-assistive technologies improve occupational performance, social participation, educational and employment access and overall quality of life in people with disabilities. However, people with disabilities still...

워킹맘의 평가염려 완벽주의와 직무소진의 관계

Objectives This study aimed to examine whether mindfulness mediates the relationship between evaluative con-cern perfectionism and job burnout among working moms Methods For the research, an online survey was conducted with full-time working mothers with children under elementary school age, addressing evaluative concern perfectionism, job burnout, and mindfulness. A total of 250 responses were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 27.0. Results The analysis revealed significant correlations among the key variables. Additionally, mindfulness was found to partially mediate the relationship between evaluative concern perfectionism and job burnout among working moms. The individual trait of evaluative concern perfectionism corresponds to job demands leading to burnout, and in such cases, mindfulness appears to play a role in mitigating maladaptive influences as a job resource. Conclusions This implies that mindfulness, serving as a personality factor and a cognitive-behavioral intervention focus, plays a crucial role in addressing job burnout among working moms who exhibit perfectionistic tendencies. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

Burnout among Retail Workers in Spain: The Role of Gender, Personality and Psychosocial Risk Factors

Burnout among Retail Workers in Spain: The Role of Gender, Personality and Psychosocial Risk Factors

Longitudinal trajectories of self-esteem, related predictors, and impact on depression among students over a four-year period at college in China

Self-esteem plays a crucial role in the psychological development of college students. Based on four-wave longitudinal data, this study empirically investigated the longitudinal trajectories of self-esteem, related predictors, and the impact on depression in a sample of Chinese college students. Piecewise growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify potential self-esteem trajectories. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression models were employed along with the Kruskal‒Wallis test to analyze the factors that influence self-esteem development trajectories and assess variations in depression. The results showed that college students’ self-esteem trajectories can be divided into three categories: slowly decreasing (81.04%), rising then falling (16.94%), and falling then rising (2.02%). Various personal factors (e.g. ethnicity, family residence, self-reported health status, extroversion) and socioeconomic factors (e.g. closeness with classmates, family economic level, family social status, and the mother’s educational level) can influence the classification of students’ self-esteem development trajectories. Moreover, notable differences in depression were observed among students in different self-esteem trajectory groups. The results emphasize the imperative of implementing interventions to enhance self-esteem among college students.

Older Adults’ Adoption of Technology-Mediated Mobility Solutions: A Review and Agenda

ABSTRACT Mobility is important to older adults’ independent living. However, not all older adults’ experience mobility seamlessly; instead, they often encounter challenges in mobility. The advent of technology has led to the development of technology-mediated mobility solutions. Many studies have been conducted to examine older adults’ adoption of technology-mediated mobility solutions. Yet, no study, to date, has attempted to systematically review the progress of research in the field, thereby depriving researchers of an overview of older adults’ adoption of technology-mediated mobility solutions, which may be useful for early career researchers to gain entry insights and established researchers to gain an updated understanding of the field. To address this gap, this study systematically reviews the literature on older adults’ adoption of technology-mediated mobility solutions, encompassing the progress of research in the field, as well as the antecedents and consequences of adopting technology-mediated mobility solutions among older adults. In doing so, this study delivers seminal state-of-the-art insights on a comprehensive encapsulation of antecedents (i.e. ethical considerations, social influences, personal factors, usability elements, and environmental conditions) and consequences (i.e. quality of life) of older adults’ adoption of technology-mediated mobility solutions, as well as directions to stimulate future research in the field.

Experiences of Caregivers in Disclosing HIV Status to Children Infected with HIV in Mopani District, South Africa

Background Caregivers are confronted with difficulties in determining the ideal period to initiate HIV disclosure to the child infected with HIV. Moreover, caregivers are uncertain about how to facilitate the HIV disclosure process, and opportunities to start the discussion are frequently missed until a later stage. Caregivers often fear that the child will be affected psychologically and have poor cognitive ability to comprehend the nature of the illness. Objective The objective of the study is to explore and describe the experiences of primary caregivers regarding HIV disclosure to children infected with HIV. Methods A qualitative, explorative, and descriptive study was conducted at 4 selected ART facilities in the Mopani district. Where face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation with 16 primary caregivers. Data was analysed and coded using the ATLAS.ti 9 program, according to the thematic method of analysis. Results Analysis of data identified three main themes that described the experience of caregivers regarding HIV disclosure in children, which are cues to disclose HIV status to children, experiences of the event of HIV status disclosure to children, and caregiver’s experiences of healthcare providers’ role in HIV disclosure process. Conclusion Caregivers revealed that they initiated the HIV disclosure process to the children because of their personal and child-related factors. However, they perceived HIV disclosure as a difficult process to initiate, because of lack of skills, knowledge, and support from healthcare providers. Caregivers perceived children as too young to receive HIV disclosure information and they feared that the child would react negatively.

Consumers' adoption intention to Metaverse applications: An exploration through fsQCA approach

AbstractMetaverse is an emergent technology that facilitates consumer interaction and participation in various activities within an integrated virtual environment. Considering the Metaverse's swift growth, comprehension of the perspectives and inclinations of its prospective users is critical. Considering configuration and complexity theories, this article examines the causal patterns of factors and fragmented perspectives concerning using Metaverse applications (M‐apps). It does so by examining how functional (ease of use, privacy), social (interactivity, presence), and personality (locus of control, openness to experience) factors combine as causal configurations to describe consumer adoption (MTA). Hence, fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis is employed to empirically examine the proposed configurational model by analyzing a sample of 372 Chinese consumers of different M‐Apps. The notable MTA was determined to be explained under four distinct solutions with varying configurations of function, social, and personality in various combinations. The findings of this paper's complexity analysis constitute a scholarly and practical contribution to consumer acceptance of M‐apps, allowing for the customization of Metaverse functionality to meet every consumer's needs.

Evaluation of the barriers to organizational learning in a port sector company

Competitive advantage is an essential factor for the development and longevity of businesses. It is associated with companies' ability to learn, manage their knowledge, and recognize and accurately interpret opportunities and barriers to learning processes. This work aimed to identify the barriers to organizational learning in a company in the port sector. For this, an instrument was used, such as an interview script composed of 27 questions, grouped by model learning process: Intuition, interpretation, integration and institutionalization (4I) and subgrouped by influencing factors, with semi-structured questions aimed at identifying the barriers to organizational learning present in the company. The results were analyzed based on the recordings of the interviewees' speeches. The main results showed 28 of the 80 barriers listed in the adopted model, highlighting those related to the intuition process, especially those with a personal action factor, revealing opportunities for improvement in actions and mechanisms to promote the creation of knowledge and the generation of innovative ideas.

The big five factors as differential predictors of self-regulation, achievement emotions, coping and health behavior in undergraduate students

BackgroundThe aim of this research was to analyze whether the personality factors included in the Big Five model differentially predict the self-regulation and affective states of university students and health.MethodsA total of 637 students completed validated self-report questionnaires. Using an ex post facto design, we conducted linear regression and structural prediction analyses.ResultsThe findings showed that model factors were differential predictors of both self-regulation and affective states. Self-regulation and affective states, in turn, jointly predict emotional performance while learning and even student health. These results allow us to understand, through a holistic predictive model, the differential predictive relationships of all the factors: conscientiousness and extraversion were predictors regulating positive emotionality and health; the openness to experience factor was non-regulating; nonregulating; and agreeableness and neuroticism were dysregulating, hence precursors of negative emotionality and poorer student health.ConclusionsThese results are important because they allow us to infer implications for guidance and psychological health at university.

Social Support Mediates the Association Between Abilities and Participation After Stroke.

Stroke survivors face participation restrictions, yet little is known regarding how social support affects the association between an individual's abilities and participation. Through a Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model lens, social support was examined as a potential mediator between ability and participation in cognitively and mobility-demanding activities for stroke survivors with aphasia (persons with aphasia [PWA]) and without aphasia (persons without aphasia [PWOA]). A cross-sectional design, including PWA (n = 50) and PWOA (n = 59) examined associations among person factors (physical impairment, cognition), an environmental factor (social support), and occupational participation through cognitively- and mobility-demanding activity subscales of the Activity Card Sort. Cognition was associated with participation in cognitively demanding activities for both groups, though social support was a mediator only for PWA. Physical impairment was associated with participation in mobility-demanding activities for PWOA, though social support did not mediate that relationship. Social support is key to PWA participating in cognitively demanding activities post-stroke.

Me, us and IT

The adoption and pedagogical use of technologies such as virtual worlds to support teaching and learning, and research in higher education involves a complex interplay of technical, organisational and personal factors. In this paper, eighteen educators and researchers provide an overview of how they perceive a virtual world can be used in education from the perspective of themselves as individuals ‘me’, their educational organisations and as members of the Australian and New Zealand Virtual Worlds Working Group (VWWG) community of practice ‘us’, as well as the complex technology that underpins this learning environment ‘IT’. Drawing on Linstone’s (1981, 1984) Technical, Organisational and Personal (TOP) multiple perspective concept as the framework for analysis, the authors discuss their perspectives of how the personal, organisational and technical aspects of teaching through the use of virtual worlds have impacted on their teaching and research in higher education. The potential of employing the TOP framework to inform future research into the use of technologies such as virtual worlds in teaching and learning is explored.

Gender differences in adolescents’ help-seeking behaviours and intentions for psychosocial problems in led outdoor activities

ABSTRACT Many adolescents who experience psychosocial problems do not often seek help. Help-seeking behaviours and intentions are influenced by personal, social, and structural factors, and they differ by gender. Help-seeking has not been investigated in the led outdoor activity (LOA) domain, in which thousands of adolescents participate annually. The present study investigated gender differences in adolescents’ help-seeking behaviours and intentions for psychosocial problems in LOAs. Existing data from the ‘Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System’ (UPLOADS) was analysed to investigate adolescents’ help-seeking behaviours. Additionally, data from an online survey was analysed to investigate adolescents’ help-seeking intentions. More female adolescents sought help for a psychosocial problem compared to male adolescents, but more male adolescents were observed to have experienced a psychosocial problem compared to female adolescents. There were no gender differences in help-seeking intentions. It is recommended that the LOA sector develop gender-specific strategies to encourage adolescents’ help-seeking behaviours.

Exploring the combination of individual and organizational–environmental factors in the expression of radical and incremental creativity

AbstractInnovative products and services are key factors in corporate competitiveness, and the expression “employee creativity” is the top priority factor in leading corporate innovation. This study aims to investigate the differences between the predictive variables for the expression of radical and incremental creativity and the combinations of the predictive variables, which aid in the expression of two types of creativity. A research survey was conducted with 600 employees working in newspaper, broadcasting, and film businesses. The results were derived by conducting a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) on 513 useful samples. Using necessity and sufficiency analysis of a fs/QCA, the results indicate that the three personal factors—job expertise, creative process engagement, and work engagement—are commonly required for two types of creativity. Conversely, organizational–environmental factors, a risk‐taking climate, and external networking behavior are only predictive variables of radical creativity. This study's results provide insights regarding the personal and environmental resources that employees must secure to express radical and incremental creativity. Because a clear difference was found in the factors required for the expression of the two types of creativity, based on the results of this study, Human Resource Development(HRD) can devise an effective method to support the expression of the two types of differential creativity.

Unfavorable prison social climate links dark tetrad traits with self-reported institutional misconduct

The Dark Tetrad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) are associated with various adverse and destructive social outcomes. However, the data about the functioning of dark personalities in institutional settings are relatively scarce. In the present research we analyzed the links between Dark Tetrad traits, the prison social climate (measured by prisoners' quality of life) and institutional misconduct (assessed by the number of disciplinary corrections, special measures, solitary confinements, and control measures) in a sample of Serbian convicts (N = 582). Our main hypothesis was that negative prison social climate mediates the link between Dark Tetrad and institutional misconduct. Correlation and regression analysis showed negative association between the Dark Tetrad and prison social climate, together with negative links between social climate and institutional misconduct; associations between Tetrad traits and misconduct were positive. The best predictor of misconduct was the prison social climate but Machiavellianism and sadism independently contributed to the prediction as well. Finally, the structural model showed that negative prison social climate represents a mediator in the links between Machiavellianism, sadism and institutional misconduct. Therefore, our main hypothesis was confirmed, but only for Machiavellianism and sadism as the Dark Tetrad traits. The current data reveal novel socially-aversive outcomes of the Dark Tetrad traits and depict personality and contextual factors that can be practically important for enabling the better functioning of convicts in the prison wards.

Foreign Language Anxiety and Language Learning Beliefs

The present study investigates the relationship between foreign language anxiety and beliefs towards foreign language learning, considering personal and social-environmental factors that may influence language learners' beliefs. The participants consisted of 431 college students (M = 19.99, SD = 4.57 years) enrolled in language preparatory classes in Türkiye, focusing on Arabic, Chinese, English, German, Russian, and Spanish. The students provided self-reports on their levels of foreign language anxiety, including speech anxiety, failure anxiety, and low self-confidence, as well as their beliefs towards foreign language learning. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that failure anxiety was positively associated with students' beliefs towards foreign language learning, indicating that higher levels of failure anxiety were linked to less favorable beliefs. On the other hand, low self-confidence was negatively associated with beliefs towards foreign language learning, suggesting that lower levels of self-confidence were associated with more negative beliefs. Speech anxiety, however, speech anxiety showed no significant association with students' beliefs towards foreign language learning. Furthermore, it was observed that foreign language anxiety and beliefs towards foreign language learning differed based on the specific foreign language being learned. These findings underscore the importance of examining foreign language anxiety in relation to beliefs towards foreign language learning, particularly within diverse language learner populations.

ICT integration by teachers: A basic model of ICT use, pedagogical beliefs, and personal and contextual factors

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of pedagogical beliefs on non university teachers’ technological resources use because both constructs contribute to ICT integration. A quantitative correlational study was conducted with a sample of 1002 Primary and Secondary Education teachers. The results show that the designed model relates the constructivist conception, and not the traditional one, to technological resources use with students in the classroom. Likewise, personal-professional use is a predictor of such use. Therefore, teachers plan technological resources use for teaching from a constructivist conception and then integrate them into the classroom.

Questionable Immunity to Mumps among Healthcare Workers in Italy—A Cross-Sectional Serological Study

Highly contagious diseases, such as mumps, are a global concern as new epidemics continue to emerge, even in highly vaccinated populations. The risk of transmission and spread of these viruses is even higher for individuals who are more likely to be exposed, including healthcare workers (HCWs). In healthcare settings, both HCWs and patients are at risk of infection during the care process, potentially leading to nosocomial epidemic outbreaks. Mumps is often underestimated compared with measles and rubella, despite being milder and less likely to spread. In fact, the risk of complications following mumps infection is extremely high, especially if the disease occurs in adulthood. The measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine has been shown to be an excellent preventive measure. Unfortunately, the mumps component appears to be less effective in inducing immunity than those for measles and rubella (two-dose effectiveness of 85%, 95% and 97%, respectively). The main aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of detectable mumps antibodies (serum IgG antibodies) in a cohort of Italian and foreign HCWs in relation to personal and occupational factors. We included in the study 468 subjects who underwent health surveillance at the Occupational Medicine Unit of the Tor Vergata Polyclinic in Rome during the period from January 2021 to March 2023. In our study, the proportion of HCWs found to be unprotected against mumps was very high (8.3%), and those found to be immune are below the WHO threshold for herd immunity (95%). From our data, it seems essential that all occupational health services carry out an accurate screening with a dose of anti-mumps antibodies to assess serological protection before starting a job, regardless of an individual’s vaccination history. This approach is proving to be beneficial, accurate, as it allows all serologically non-immune individuals to be vaccinated in the workplace, including those who would be protected by their vaccination history but have lost the antibody response.

Factors Contributing to the Resilience of Sub-Saharan African Widows: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review aims to synthesize the factors contributing to the resilience of African widows, a topic that has been overlooked. This oversight is concerning, considering the substantial population of African widows, as well as the increasing number of young widows in Africa. We conducted a comprehensive search across various databases (including Academic Search Complete, Africa-wide, PsycARTICLES, PsychINFO, Humanities Sources Worldwide, Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley Online, and Taylor & Francis) to identify studies of the resilience of widows living in Africa. From an initial pool of 124 records, we carefully evaluated 19 papers for inclusion. Employing a narrative synthesis approach, we synthesized the findings from the eight selected studies. This analysis revealed that the resilience of African widows is a multifaceted socio-ecological process, primarily facilitated by personal and relational resilience factors. Notably, there is a limited emphasis on the role of cultural resources, which may be attributed to the prevalence of dehumanizing cultural practices experienced by African widows. In conclusion, our findings underscore the need for greater attention to macrosystemic resources, including culturally supportive practices, to bolster the resilience of African widows.

Prevalence and factors associated with diabetes-related distress in type 2 diabetes patients: a study in Hong Kong primary care setting

Diabetes-related distress (DRD) refers to the psychological distress specific to living with diabetes. DRD can lead to negative clinical consequences such as poor self-management. By knowing the local prevalence and severity of DRD, primary care teams can improve the DRD evaluation in our daily practice. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 3 General Out-patient Clinics (GOPCs) from 1 December 2021 to 31 May 2022. A random sample of adult Chinese subjects with T2DM, who regularly followed up in the selected clinic in the past 12 months, were included. DRD was measured by the validated 15-item Chinese version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (CDDS-15). An overall mean score ≥ 2.0 was considered clinically significant. The association of DRD with selected clinical and personal factors was investigated. The study recruited 362 subjects (mean age 64.2 years old, S.D. 9.5) with a variable duration of living with T2DM (median duration 7.0 years, IQR 10.0). The response rate was 90.6%. The median HbA1c was 6.9% (IQR 0.9). More than half (59.4%) of the subjects reported a clinically significant DRD. Younger subjects were more likely to have DRD (odds ratio of 0.965, 95% CI 0.937–0.994, p = 0.017). Patients with T2DM in GOPCs commonly experience clinically significant DRD, particularly in the younger age group. The primary care clinicians could consider integrating the evaluation of DRD as a part of comprehensive diabetes care.

Understanding Suicide Cases in Nepal: A Comprehensive Analysis of Personality Traits

Understanding the intricate relationship between personality traits and suicidal tendencies is crucial for effective suicide prevention strategies. This paper delves into the influence of the Big Five personality traits - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN) - on susceptibility to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and analysis of relevant cases, it explores how various personality traits intersect with suicidal ideation. Findings reveal that high neuroticism, characterized by emotional instability and negative affectivity, significantly correlates with suicidal intentions. Additionally, lower levels of agreeableness are associated with elevated suicide rates, suggesting a lack of empathy and cooperation may contribute to suicidal thinking. The paper underscores the importance of considering personality factors in suicide risk assessment and intervention strategies. By recognizing the role of personality traits in shaping individuals' responses to distress, tailored interventions can be developed to mitigate suicide risk and promote mental well-being.